【加德满都邮报精读】尼泊尔女孩正陷入“月经贫困”（下）

　　【加德满都邮报精读】尼泊尔女孩正陷入“月经贫困”（下）*注：本文摘自9月2日《加德满都邮报》

　　1. According to a recent survey of 61 health professionals from 24 countries, including Nepal, which was conducted by Plan International UK, a non-profit working for children’s rights and gender equality, 43 percent stated that women are facing restricted access to products through shortages or disrupted supply chains because of the pandemic.

　　英国国际计划（Plan International UK）是一个致力于儿童权利和两性平等非营利组织，该组织最近就来自24个国家包括尼泊尔的61位卫生专业人士进行了一项调查，43%的人表示疫情期间，女性面临卫生用品短缺和供应链中断的问题。

　　2. Another study conducted in four districts of rural Nepal—Surkhet, Parsa, Dhading and Lamjung—by Voluntary Service Overseas Nepal (VSO Nepal), a nonprofit that tackles poverty in developing countries, found that out of 114 mentors who participated in the survey, 77 percent informed that due to lack of accessibility and affordability of sanitary pads, a majority of young school-going girls have started using cloths and homemade pads instead. A VSO Nepalmentor, in collaboration with schools in remote areas in Nepal, has been providing tutoring classes, life skill training and menstrual and reproductive health information to young girls.

　　尼泊尔海外志愿服务社是一个致力于解决贫困问题的非营利组织，该组织在四个农村地区包括Surkhet, Parsa, Dhading 和 Lamjung进行的一项调查发现，在参与研究的114名导师中，77%的人声称，由于缺乏来源和购买力，大多数年轻女孩开始使用布垫和自制卫生巾。通过与尼泊尔偏远地区的学校合作，尼泊尔海外志愿服务社的一名导师一直在给年轻女孩上各种课程，包括课程辅导，生活技能培训以及生殖健康普及等等。

　　3. According to Muni Kumari Gupta, one of the mentors who participated in the survey, along with movement restriction, which has ceased delivery of menstrual hygiene products to remote areas, the closure of school has also affected the supply of pads, since many girls used to rely on the free pads given to them by schools.

　　Muni Kumari Gupt是参与调查的导师之一，他说，由于封锁进行，已经停止运送卫生巾到偏远地区了，而关闭学校也影响卫生巾供应，因为很多女孩都依赖于学校提供的免费卫生巾。

　　4. “In the past few years, many public schools in Parsa district, with the help of the local government and civil society, were able to provide pads for free to girls. As a result, even those, who couldn’t otherwise afford to buy one, were able to use them. But now, with the schools shut, the supply of pads too has stopped,” said Gupta.

　　“过去几年，在当地政府和社会的帮助下，Parsa地区的许多公立学校能够向女孩免费提供卫生巾。因此，即使是那些买不起卫生巾的人也能够使用卫生巾了。但是现在，学校关闭了，卫生巾的供应也就停止了。”

　　5. In an effort to provide a solution to this problem, under VSO Nepal’s Sisters for Sisters mentorship programme, Gupta has been assigned to not only mentor girls with their studies but also teach them how to make reusable, hygienic sanitary napkins.

　　为了解决这一问题，在尼泊尔志愿服务社姐姐帮助妹妹计划中，Gupta不仅要辅导女孩学习，还得教她们如何制作可以重复使用的卫生巾。

　　6. “Girls, after learning how to make the napkins, have been informing me that the reusable sanitary napkins are comfortable and cost-effective. Not only that, they are also teaching their family members and neighbours to make their own homemade pads,” said Gupta.

　　“女孩们在学习了如何制作卫生巾后，告诉我，可重复使用的卫生巾既舒适又经济。不仅如此，他们还教家人和邻居自己制作护垫。”

　　7. As Covid-19 cases continue to rise in Parsa, the authorities have re-imposed another lockdown. Gupta has been mentoring girls via the phone these days.

　　随着Parsa新冠病例继续增加，当局再次实施封锁。Gupta最近一直通过电话指导女孩们。

　　8. For 15-year-old Anjali Patel, learning how to make homemade sanitary pads has helped her and her mother overcome the shortage of pad during the pandemic.

　　学习如何制作卫生巾帮助15的Anjali Patel和她妈妈克服了疫情期间卫生巾短缺的问题。

　　9. “Due to the financial constraint of Covid-19, my family wasn't able to buy me sanitary pads. Now that I know how to make my own homemade pads, I feel relief and less anxious when it comes to managing my periods,” said Patel.

　　Patel 说，“由于新冠对经济的影响，我家人没钱给我买卫生巾。现在我知道如何制作护垫，在经期就不那么焦虑了。”

　　10. While organisations such as VSO Nepal are helping girls manage their menstrual hygiene with dignity, there have been various reports on the inadequacies of the quarantine and isolation facilities across the country, raising questions about whether these facilities are women-friendly or not.

　　虽然尼泊尔志愿服务社等组织正在帮助女孩体面度过经期，但是各种报道都称各地的隔离设施不足，这引起人们对这些卫生设施对女性是否安全的讨论。

　　11. S., who is in a quarantine facility in Janasewa Hospital in Bardibas, said that the facility doesn’t even provide soap, let alone sanitary pads. “There aren't any menstrual hygiene supplies available. If we get our period inside the isolation facility, we have been told that we should ask our family members to bring pads for us,” said S., who did not wish to be identified.

　　疫情期间在Bardibas的Janasewa医院隔离的S说，医院连肥皂都没有，更不要说卫生巾了。不愿透露身份的S说，“没有任何可用的卫生用品。如果刚好在隔离期间来了月经，我们只能叫家人给我们带卫生巾过来。”

　　12. Surendra Chaudhary, the person in charge of the quarantine and isolation facilities at Janasewa Hospital, admitted that except for food, they are unable to provide other necessities, including menstrual hygiene supplies. “There are around five females in our quarantine facilities and if they need anything, they can either ask the guards to buy it for them or ask their family members,” said Chaudhary.

　　负责加纳西瓦医院检疫和隔离设施的Surendra Chaudhary承认，除了食物，他们无法提供其他必需品，包括月经卫生用品。Chaudhary说:“我们的隔离站里有5名女性，如果她们需要什么，可以让警卫给她们买，或者问她们的家人要。”

　　13. Such a situation is worrying campaigners and women health experts, as they believe pads are essential for women. Despite its importance, it has become the lowest priority item for the government during the pandemic. Many fear that years of steady gains to improve access to sanitary products and fight against taboos surrounding menstruation, which was achieved through countless numbers of awareness programmes and initiatives from government and civil society, could be rolled back in the absence of a proper channel to reach out to people during the pandemic.

　　这种情况让活动人士和女性健康专家感到担忧，他们认为卫生巾对女性至关重要。尽管它很重要，但疫情期间。这在政府看来是优先级最低的物品。很多人担心多年来通过政府和社会无数项目和计划促进的卫生用品的稳定改善和月经禁忌减少的成果可能会在疫情期间由于缺乏合适的渠道而衰退。

　　14. “Everyone should understand that for the period poverty and taboo to be eradicatedaltogether, there should be non-stop efforts to prioritise menstrual hygiene by continuously providing clean water, sanitary pads, and comprehensive education,” said Bhawana Bogati, community health programme associate at Possible Heath in Achham. “However, now, due to the pandemic, we are unable to reach out to the community to provide sanitation facilities and it is disheartening.”

　　Achham的Possible Heath社区卫生项目助理Bhawana Bogati说， “每个人都应该明白，彻底消除月经贫困和月经禁忌需要不断的努力，需要持续提供清洁水源，卫生巾以及全面的教育。但是，由于新冠疫情，我们无法向社区提供卫生设施，这太让人沮丧了。”

　　15. Back in Bajhang, all Sneha wants for now is for her school to reopen. “I wish the school would reopen soon so I could have access to pads,” said Sneha.

　　回到Bajhang， Sneha现在只想学校重新开学。Sneha说:“我希望学校能尽快开学，这样我就可以有卫生巾用了。”

　　精读解析

　　篇章结构

　　P1—P4：调查发现，由于疫情，卫生巾供应中断了。

　　P5—P10：卫生巾供应中断之后，服务机构开始教女生们自己制作卫生巾。

　　P11—P15：各地关于隔离设施对女性健康是否有保证的讨论：很多隔离点没有女性安全的设施；在政府看来，女性卫生巾在疫情期间并不是最重要的物品，这让人担心之前关于女性卫生的努力取得的成果是否会受到影响。

　　重点单词

　　accessibility/ək,sesə'biləti/ n. 易接近,可到达

　　【同根】

　　accessible adj. 容易取得的，容易获得的，容易达到的；可接近的，可进入的；易接近的，易进入的

　　accession n. 就职, 就任, 即位；接近，到达

　　accessory n. 附件, 配件；同谋, 帮凶, 包庇犯

　　【例句】

　　These are all common accessibility settings which makes computers more, well, accessible.

　　这些都是常见的可访问性设置，使计算机更容易访问。

　　affordability/ə'fɔrd/ n. 支付能力；负担能力；可购性

　　【例句】

　　Nor did he call for stricter checks on affordability before making loans.

　　他也没有要求在贷款前对借款人的支付能力进行更严格的审查。

　　mentor/'mentɔ:/ n. (无经验之人的)有经验可信赖的顾问

　　【例句】

　　He was her friend and mentor until his death in 1915.

　　直到1915年他去世为止，他一直是她的良师益友。

　　in collaboration with 与…勾结；与…合作

　　【例句】

　　We're also helping to establish testing and screening sites in collaboration with major healthcare systems.

　　我们还与主要医疗保健系统合作建立测试和筛查站点。

　　constraint /kən'streɪnt/ n. 强制; 限制, 约束；强制, 强迫【例句】This would prompt stronger-than-projected demand, but also ex-acerbate capacity constraints.这将会鼓励比预测的更强劲的需求，但也会恶化产能约束。

　　priority /praɪ'ɒrɪtɪ/ n. 优先；优先权；优先次序；优先考虑的事【短语】give priority to 优先考虑；认为优先top priority 最优先的first priority 最优先；绝对优先权high priority n. 高优先级【例句】Debenture holder has priority over ordinary shareholder.债券持有人比普通股东享有优先权。

　　roll back击退；把…压低到标准水平【例句】The authorities took measures to roll commodity price back.当局采取措施使物价全面回降。

　　eradicate/ɪ'rædɪkeɪt/ vt. 摧毁,完全根除n. 摧毁,根除【例句】The disease has been eradicated from the world.这种疾病已在全世界得到根除。

　　disheartening/dis'hɑ:təniŋ/使人沮丧的【例句】Tyrion found it disheartening to realize so many strangers were eager to kill him.见到这么多人迫不及待想取他性命，提利昂深感沮丧。

　　重点句子

　　According to a recent survey of 61 health professionals from 24 countries, including Nepal, which was conducted by Plan International UK, a non-profit working for children’s rights and gender equality, 43 percent stated that women are facing restricted access to products through shortages or disrupted supply chains because of the pandemic.

　　这句话的主干是：According to a recent survey of 61 health professionals from 24 countries, 43 percent stated that women are facing restricted access to products through shortages or disrupted supply chains because of the pandemic.主干中，前面的According to a recent survey of 61 health professionals from 24 countries,是一个状语的成分，解释信息的来源。后面的which was conducted by Plan International UK,是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰前面的survey, 说明survey是由谁完成的，再往后的a non-profit working for children’s rights and gender equality是一个插入语，修饰Plan International UK，补充说明Plan International UK测信息，说明这是一个什么样的机构。

　　Another study conducted in four districts of rural Nepal—Surkhet, Parsa, Dhading and Lamjung—by Voluntary Service Overseas Nepal (VSO Nepal), a nonprofit that tackles poverty in developing countries, found that out of 114 mentors who participated in the survey, 77 percent informed that due to lack of accessibility and affordability of sanitary pads, a majority of young school-going girls have started using cloths and homemade pads instead.

　　这个句子的主干是：Another study conducted in four districts of rural Nepal found that+宾语从句。中间的by Voluntary Service Overseas Nepal (VSO Nepal)是说明这个study是由谁进行的，再后面的a nonprofit that tackles poverty in developing countries是一个插入定语，解释说明Voluntary Service Overseas Nepal是一个什么样的机构，后面的that宾语从句中，句子主干是：out of 114 mentors, 77 percent informed+宾语从句，在这部分， who participated in the survey是一个who 引导的定语从句，解释说明114 mentors的信息，再往后的informed that 宾语从句中，句子主干为：a majority of young school-going girls have started using cloths and homemade pads instead.前面的due to lack of accessibility and affordability of sanitary pads,是一个原因状语。整个来看，这个句子可以分为两个层次，第一层Another study found that…；第二层77 percent informed that…。

　　According to Muni Kumari Gupta, one of the mentors who participated in the survey, along with movement restriction, which has ceased delivery of menstrual hygiene products to remote areas, the closure of school has also affected the supply of pads, since many girls used to rely on the free pads given to them by schools.

　　这个句子的主干是：According to Muni Kumari Gupta, along with movement restriction, the closure of school has also affected the supply of pads.中间的one of the mentors who participated in the survey是一个插入语，说明Muni Kumari Gupta的身份信息，后面which引起的定语从句 which has ceased delivery of menstrual hygiene products to remote areas是修饰的movement restriction，最后的since many girls used to rely on the free pads given to them by schools是一个since引起的原因状语从句，说明前面事件发生的原因。