托福阅读指代逻辑，助你提高答题效率！

　　在托福阅读备考过程中，指代题的考察已经不多了，但是在各类题型中还大量存在着指代逻辑，这是很重要的一个考点！

　　比如：插入题中，有很多题通过指代关系，就能快速找出适合的插入句位置；句子简化题有代词指代前句含义的时候，在选项中会把指代的内容直接表达出来；有些目的题和细节题也有涉及到指代逻辑的考点，需要了解指代含义才能答题。

　　因此掌握代词所指代的具体含义，是答题的关键。

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　　1、定位句中出现代词该怎么读？

　　不管是人称代词、指示代词、还是关系代词，都需要通过代词的单复数和其能指代的名词来判断，该代词在文章里指代的具体内容，通常是往前一句看。下面我们通过一个细节题来进行讲解。

　　例题：According toparagraph 6, which of the following statements is true of the arch?

　　The Romans were the first people touse the stone arch.

　　The invention of the arch allowednew architectural forms to be developed.

　　The arch worked by distributing thestructural load of a building toward the center of the arch.

　　The Romans followed earlier practices in their use of arches.

　　Paragraph 6

　　Much of the world’s great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence, and availability. Inthe past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and piling stoneupon. Some of the world’s finest stone architecture can be seen in the ruins ofthe ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the eastern Andes Mountains ofPeru. The doorways and windows are made possible by placing over the open spaces thick stone beams that support the weight from above. A structura linvention had to be made before the physical limitations of stone could be overcome and new architectural forms could be created. That invention was thearch, a curved structure originally made of separate stone or brick segments.The arch was used by the early cultures of the Mediter ranean area chiefly forunder ground drains, but it was the Romans who first developed and used the archextensively in above ground structures. Roman builders perfected these micircular arch made of separate blocks of stone. As a method of spanning space, the arch can support greater weight than a horizontal beam. It works incompression to divert the weight above it out to the sides, where the weight isborne by the vertical elements on either side of the arch. The arch is amongthe many important structural breakthroughs that have characterized architecture throughout the centuries.

　　答案：B

　　解析：以arch做关键词定位到第六句“That invention was the arch”。句首的thatinvention表明，句子间存在指代逻辑，所以往前一句开始阅读。A structural invention had to be made before the physicallimitations of stone could be overcome and new architectural forms could becreated. 意思说有了结构发明，才能克服石头的物理限制，产生新的建筑形式。这个发明就是arch. 对应的选项B的The inventionof the arch allowed new architectural forms to be developed。

　　错误选项分析：A选项和D选项都与文章矛盾，文章说theRomans 是 first developed and used the archextensively in aboveground structures；并非A所说的thefirst people to use the stone arch；D选项的followedearlier practices in their use of arches.也是错的，因为他们在前人基础上有所突破。C选项的distributingthe structural load of a building toward the center of the arch与文章倒数第二句Itworks in compression to divert the weight above it out to the sides矛盾。

　　总结：很多人定位到arch之后就直接往后看了，从定位句直到段落最后一句都是与arch有关的内容，看完之后很痛苦，一是文章内容太多，记不住；二是选不出答案，因为B的内容根本没看到。所以，只有在自己看到过的选项中选出勉强满意的选项。

　　在这里，琳达老师给大家的建议是：不管是细节题还是目的题，只要定位句中出现了代词，在定位句没有代词具体含义的情况下，一定要从前一句话开始读，掌握代词的具体含义，再阅读其他的相关信息。