环球名师说|托福阅读如何避免正确选项中出现“未提及信息”？

　　托福阅读如何避免正确选项中出现“未提及信息”?前两天，学生关于作业中的某道题发来了疑问：句子简化题专项训练第70题的正确选项B中“the move to Peublos″在题干中如何体现的啊?此题选自TPO24的第一篇“Moving into Pueblos”，我们将选项B和题干信息对比，的确没有明确提及此信息。那么问题来了：

　　1)我们在考试中如何搞定此类题型，避开未提及信息的干扰;

　　2)选项中的“the move to Peublos”真的在文中没有提及吗

　　大家可以先自己花1-2分钟时间试试这道题：

　　题目：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

　　Q70. Some scholars expand on this idea by emphasizing a corresponding need for arable land to feed growing numbers of people: construction of small dams, reservoirs, terraces, and field houses indicates that farmers were intensifying their efforts during the 1200s.

　　• Some scholars even claim that the intensification of farmers' various efforts during the 1200s led to further population growth and the consequent need for more arable land.

　　• Evidence of intensifying agriculture in the 1200s indicates a need to feed a larger population and so extends the argument that a growing population was the cause of the move to pueblos.

　　• During the 1200s, farmers met the demand for more arable land, but they also succeeded in cultivating existing land more intensively with the help of agricultural construction projects.

　　• Some scholars feel strongly that the construction of small dams, reservoirs, terraces, and field houses in the thirteenth century is independent evidence for growth in the number of people.

　　我们先按照上课所讲的“先断句再选择”思路进行解析：

　　第一步断句：

　　信息点1— some scholars expand on this idea by emphasizing a corresponding need for arable land to feed growing numbers of people。

　　信息点2— construction of small dams, reservoirs, terraces, and field houses indicates that farmers were intensifying their efforts during the 1200s。

　　根据冒号，信息点2对信息点1进行解释。相对来说，信息点1是关键信息。

　　第二步选择：我们利用它的some scholars expand on this idea迅速对应到选项B中的extends the argument，答案选B。

　　其他干扰项的解析：

　　选项A的要点为“1)efforts导致了2)population growth and 3)need for more land”。其中efforts, population growth, 和need for more land三者的关系与题干不一致。

　　选项C的要点为“farmers met the demand for more land, but they also succeeded in cultivating existing land more intensively”。这在题干中为细节信息，遗漏了要点，此项错误。

　　选项D的要点为“some scholars feel that the construction is independent evidence for growth the number of people”。其中“construction能否证明人口增加”在文中并未提及，此项错误。

　　此题的难点在于选项B中出现了题干中未提及的信息，在原文中是真的没有提及吗?此处需要强调的是在处理题干句子的时候，题干要点中出现了指代考点this idea。我们应该迅速浏览选项的句子对象是否一致：如果句子对象一致，则不需要关注该指代;如果句子对象不一致，则应该就近前看，确认指代对象，利用其迅速帮助我们排除干扰项。

　　此题四个选项的句子对象大多数不一样，则需要确认this idea的指代。在原文中，它是指前一句“As densities increased, domestic architecture became larger, culminating in crowded pueblos随着人口密度的增加，民房建筑变得更大，在拥挤的普韦布洛地区达到顶峰”。其中的“densities increased, culminating in crowded pueblos”说明“有很多人搬到Pueblos”，这与选项B中的the move to Pueblos一致，此项正确。

　　另外，在没有上下文语境的时候，我们在验证选项的过程中更需要注意“一一对应”的关系和浏览全部选项后再选答案。这样，我们只需要抓住题干要点的“expand on this idea”来验证四个选项，同样也可以避开干扰项，从而选出正确答案。

　　综上所述，我们在处理句子简化题的过程中，需要注意以下几点，便能很快避开陷阱：

　　1)加强断句，明确题干的信息要点;

　　2)看完选项，选择最合适的选项;

　　3)注意总结该题型中的考点和分析常见干扰项的特点。